by Elevator guide rail is an elevator component composed of steel rail and connecting plate.
It is divided into car guide rail and counterweight guide rail.
From the section shape, it can be divided into three forms: T-shape, L-shape and hollow.
While guiding, the guide rail bears the impact force of car and elevator braking, the impact force of safety gear emergency braking, etc.
The magnitude of these forces is related to the load mass and speed of the elevator, so the guide rail should be selected according to the speed and load mass of the elevator.
The car guide rail is usually called the main rail and the counterweight guide rail is the auxiliary rail.
The elevator guide rail is a safe track for the elevator to travel up and down in the hoistway.
The guide rail is installed on the hoistway wall and is fixedly connected to the hoistway wall by the guide rail frame and guide rail support.
The common guide rail of elevator is “t” shaped guide rail.
Strong rigidity, high reliability, safety and low cost.
The guide rail plane must be smooth without obvious uneven surface.
Since the guide rail is the shuttle rail of the guide shoe on the elevator car and the safety gear, its clearance must be ensured during installation.
At the same time, the guide rail should bear the responsibility of stopping the elevator in case of overspeed accident, so its rigidity can not be ignored.
The elevator guide rail is two or more vertical or inclined rigid rails installed in the elevator shaft or between floors to ensure that the car and counterweight move up and down along it, and the escalator and moving sidewalk steps move obliquely or horizontally along it, so as to provide guidance for the elevator car, counterweight device or steps.
According to the definition of guide rail, guide rail is an important benchmark component of vertical elevator, escalator and moving sidewalk steps.
It controls the running track of elevator car, escalator and moving sidewalk steps and ensures the transmission of operation signals, It is also an important part related to elevator safety and operation quality.
Importance analysis: the elevator guide rail provides guidance for the car and counterweight device when the elevator is running, and also plays a supporting role when the safety clamp is moving.
It is an important part in the elevator system.
The importance of guide rail is analyzed from two aspects of elevator safety and comfort.
1) Security.
The main factor affecting the safety of elevator guide rail is the material of guide rail.
The material of guide rail is too hard or uneven (partially too hard), when the safety caliper is braked, the clamping will not get enough friction, which will lead to braking failure and car falling, which is the most serious working condition in the elevator accident.
The guide rail should also have sufficient strength to ensure the support of the safety caliper to the car and impact force during braking.
2) comfort.
The elevator guide rail has several factors affecting the elevator comfort: a.
the connection of the guide rail Connection accuracy: the connection accuracy of solid guide rail is guaranteed by the end dimension of guide rail and the symmetry of male and female tenon.
The connection accuracy of hollow guide rail and escalator guide rail is guaranteed by the end dimension and geometric tolerance of guide rail.
The connection accuracy of guide rail directly affects the stability and comfort of elevator operation.
b.
Roughness of guide rail guide surface: the roughness of guide rail guide surface directly affects whether the guide shoe can run smoothly on the guide surface, and also affects the storage of lubricating oil, thus affecting the operation quality of lift car.
c.
Straightness and distortion of guide rail: the bending and distortion of any point on the guide rail will give a side force to the car, affect the linear movement of the car up and down, and make the car shake.
With the increase of elevator speed, the car will vibrate, thus affecting the comfort.
Classification: elevator guide rail is divided into three categories: solid guide rail, counterweight hollow guide rail and escalator guide rail.
Solid guide rail is a machined guide rail, which is made of guide rail profile through machining guide surface and connecting parts.
Its purpose is to provide guidance for the operation of lift car during elevator operation.
Small size solid guide rail is also used for counterweight guidance.
There are many specifications of solid guide rail.
According to the weight per meter, it can be divided into 8K, 13K, 18K, 24K, 30K, 50K, etc.
according to the width of guide rail base plate, it can be divided into T45, T50, T70, T75, T78, T82, T89, T90, t114, T127, T140, etc.
With the improvement of people’s requirements for elevator comfort and elevator speed, high-precision guide rail is the development direction of guide rail production.
High precision guide rail improves the accuracy of all aspects on the basis of ordinary guide rail, such as the dimensional tolerance of guide surface, the height tolerance of guide rail and the symmetry tolerance of tenon and groove from 0.1mm to 0.05mm, A number of requirements for end geometric tolerance are added, and the requirements for straightness and distortion of guide rail are improved.
High precision guide rail is a guide rail used in high-speed elevator.
It not only has higher precision than ordinary guide rail, but also eliminates potential bending and distortion factors of guide rail in process.
For example, sufficient aging treatment shall be carried out on guide rail profile before guide surface processing to reduce residual stress in guide rail profile, and sufficient aging treatment shall be carried out again before processing end size and fine calibration, Fully release the internal stress to reduce the guide rail bending caused by stress after guide rail installation.
The counterweight hollow guide rail is a cold-formed rolling guide rail, which is formed by cold bending of coiled plates through multi pass molds.
It is mainly used to provide guidance for counterweight during elevator operation.
The hollow guide rail can be divided into tk3 and tk5 according to the weight per meter, and can be divided into straight edge and flanging according to the end face shape of the guide rail, i.e.
tk5 and tk5a.
Escalator guide rail is a cold-formed rolling guide rail, which is mainly used for supporting and guiding the steps of escalator and moving sidewalk.
Each escalator enterprise uses escalator guide rails of various section shapes according to its own design needs, that is, it uses its own escalator guide rail standards.
Installation: gb10060-93 < < code for acceptance of elevator installation > > technical requirements for guide rail installation: 1 Each guide rail shall have at least two guide rail supports with a spacing of 2-2.5m.
Under special circumstances, measures shall be taken to ensure that the guide rail installation meets the bending strength requirements specified in GB7588-2003..
