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In recent years, China’s construction industry has developed well, and the total output value shows a stable upward trend, which has made an important contribution to the rapid development of China’s economy.
However, the resources used by the construction industry account for 40% of the total human natural resources, and the garbage generated by construction accounts for 40% of the total garbage in the world.
Compared with other pillar industries such as automobile, steel and equipment manufacturing, China’s construction industry has more obvious problems such as lack of innovative production technology, low economic conversion rate and uncoordinated with ecology.
Moreover, the construction industry does not have a reasonable and effective operation system in some production links, which often leads to a series of problems such as long construction cycle, high labor cost and low degree of informatization.
See Figure 1 for energy conservation and emission reduction data of precast buildings.
The integration of information technology into precast buildings plays a vital role in the transformation and upgrading of China’s construction industry.
At the same time, it will also improve the information management level of precast buildings to a new level.
In recent years, China’s construction information field has gradually attracted the attention of all parties, and the investment in it is also increasing year by year, but the problems such as weak content comprehensiveness and weak intersection are still prominent, and the research on the integrated application of modern information technology in the construction field is obviously insufficient.
This paper aims to study the intelligent construction of precast buildings based on BIM, analyze the problems existing in the process of the combination of BIM Technology and precast buildings, establish a complete architecture and detailed process application, and put forward the promotion policies conducive to the development of intelligent construction of precast buildings based on BIM.
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Analysis on the current situation of intelligent construction of precast buildings based on BIM compared with some developed countries, such as France, Germany and Japan, China is still in the initial stage of studying precast buildings, the technical system needs to be improved, and the scope of application is not wide enough.
The proportion of new buildings in China is only 15%, and that in key areas is 20%, which is lower than 35% ~ 40% in developed countries, But its total output value is rising steadily.
Compared with the traditional cast-in-place technology, precast building has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection, high construction efficiency and high degree of informatization.
At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for the management ability of construction technicians and the refinement of design.
Professor Ma Zhiliang of Tsinghua University first put forward the concept of “intelligent construction of precast buildings based on BIM”.
He stressed the importance of adopting the latest information technology for technology and management integration in the whole life cycle of buildings, so as to realize the industrialization and intelligence of precast building construction.
The role of BIM is to establish an information platform that covers all building information, establish a model and realize information integration and interaction (see Figure 2).
1) BIM + VR / AR technology is mainly used to build a virtual construction site, display the construction technology of important nodes and interactive scene roaming.
It can start from each time node, observe the construction process from multiple angles, and then plan to select the best construction scheme, so as to make the construction organization design of precast buildings more efficient and reasonable, and better ensure the personal safety of workers and construction progress, Save time and cost.
2) BIM + 3D laser scanning technology can map the construction site and reflect the real information, especially for the construction site with difficult observation, which can highlight the advantages of this technology.
The principle is to fit the BIM model with the three-dimensional laser scanned image, so as to meet the requirements of rapid quality inspection of precast components, efficient and accurate modeling and accurate recording of project progress.
Compared with traditional manual calculation, it is more time-saving and reliable.
3) BIM + Internet of things technology in traditional construction projects, engineering material tracking is often a difficult work.
Phenomena such as untimely information exchange, incomplete bill of quantities and calculation errors occur from time to time, resulting in the inability of the construction party, the construction party, the supervisor and other participants in the precast construction project to understand the project construction in real time.
In view of the above problems, “BIM + Internet of things technology” applies radio frequency technology and BIM Technology to the production of precast buildings.
Engineering materials can be tracked regardless of material size, which will greatly improve the information collection ability.
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Application status and problems of BIM Technology in precast buildings in China 1) 3D modeling design.
“Three dimensional information model” is the core of BIM Technology.
First, establish the basic model platform.
With the progress of the project, add new “components” to the basic platform.
The geometric characteristics of each structure of the building can be drawn through the three-dimensional modeling technology of BIM Technology to gradually establish a complete building model.
BIM modeling software can automatically generate corresponding plan, elevation, section and node details.
Compared with the commonly used paper plan in the past, this technical method can make the spatial characteristics of buildings more clear and intuitive.
2) Collaborative design.
Collaborative design, that is, designers and managers participate in planning and design together on the same platform, is a great innovation in the design direction of the construction industry.
At the same time, it also meets the requirements of “building informatization” proposed by the policy.
Collaborative technology can provide an “interactive” information exchange platform.
While designing this major, you can query and refer to the design schemes of other industries to improve the innovation ability of the project in the design stage.
3) Building performance optimization.
Solid buildings can be transformed into model files through BIM Technology, and then these model files can be input into the corresponding analysis software to realize building performance optimization.
The analysis software can simulate the sunlight exposure, analyze the air flow body, calculate the energy consumption data of the building, simulate the walking situation of users, etc.
the use of simulation analysis technology can clearly judge whether the building design meets the comfort and low energy consumption, and make targeted adjustments to the unreasonable design.
BIM makes modern architectural design more efficient and intelligent, which not only improves comfort, but also reduces resource waste..
