by 1、 Dougong, also known as Dougong, douke, Tuo, Pu Zuo, etc., is a unique structure of Chinese Han architecture.
At the junction of the column and the beam, the arched load-bearing structure protruding from the top of the column is called the arch, and the square wood block padded between the arch and the arch is called the bucket, which is collectively called the bucket arch.
It has exquisite structure and beautiful shape, such as bonsai and flower basket.
It is also a good decorative component.
The bucket arch is also a key component of Chinese wooden frame building structure.
It is picked out between the transverse beam and the column to bear the load, and the load of the eaves is transmitted to the column through the bucket arch, which plays a role of balance and stability, and has strong seismic and compressive capacity.
2、 Hanging fish} architectural decoration, mostly carved from wood, is located under the Bo Feng boards at both ends of the roof of hanging mountain (one of the roof styles in ancient buildings) or Xie mountain (one of the roof styles in ancient buildings), and hangs on the main ridge.
The name is related to its shape.
Because it was originally fish shaped and hung from the roof, it was named hanging fish.
As an element of ancient Chinese architecture, it first appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
However, from the existing ancient buildings in China, there are few objects in the Tang Dynasty, which can be seen as early as the Song Dynasty.
The book of the later Han Dynasty.
The sequel of the sheep.
It’s about when Yang Yang of the Eastern Han Dynasty continued to be the governor of Nanyang, his subordinates gave him raw fish.
He took it down and hung it in the yard.
Later, the man sent him fish.
He showed the fish he hung last time and told him not to send it again in the future.
In this way, the word “hanging fish” has become synonymous with the integrity of officials.
Song Xuji said in a poem: “the master of love set up a new couch, cleared his body and guarded the old hanging fish.
The variation of the image of hanging fish.
In the process of the development of hanging fish decoration, the image of fish gradually became abstract and simplified, and various forms of decoration appeared, some even turned into bats to get the meaning of” blessing “.
3、 Architrave architrave architrave, also known as eaves square, is a horizontal component connecting and bearing the upper end of columns in ancient Chinese architecture.
This kind of structure can be seen in the grotto buildings in the northern and Southern Dynasties, mostly on the top of the column; After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it moved to the column, and it was called “appendix amount” in the Song Dynasty.
Some architraves are stacked up and down.
The one above is called large architrave, and the one below is called small architrave.
A cushion plate is sandwiched between a large architrave and a small architrave, which is called a front cushion plate.
The main function of the architrave is to bear the upper head arch.
Because the architrave is located in the important part of the building and is an important object for visual perception, it is generally used as a prominent part of decoration, often decorated with colored sculptures.
4、 Hanging is a component under the architrave in traditional Chinese architecture.
It is usually made of hollow wooden lattice or carved board, or it can be made of small wooden strips, which can be used for decoration or dividing indoor space at the same time.
Hanging in buildings is often the focus of decoration.
It is often carved or painted.
In the building corridor, the hanging and railing are located on the same level from the facade, and the patterns are similar, which has the decorative function of echoing up and down.
Looking outward from the building, it hangs like decorative lace in the scenery frame composed of eaves, ground and corridor columns, which changes the empty upper part of the picture, presents layers, and has a strong decorative effect.
The indoor hanging is called hanging flying cover, but it is not equal to flying cover.
The hanging flying cover is very close to the hanging, but the two ends connected with the column sag slightly; The two ends of the flying cover droop lower, so that the two column doors form an arch shape.
5、 Column foundation column foundation is a kind of building component in China, commonly known as slab, or column foundation stone.
It is the cushion cornerstone to bear the pressure of house columns.
All houses with wooden frame structure can be described as columns, which are indispensable.
The ancient Chinese people added a stone pier on the column base to keep the landing house column from moisture and decay, which isolated the column base from the floor and played an absolute moisture-proof role; At the same time, the bearing pressure of column foundation is strengthened.
Therefore, great attention is paid to the use of foundation stones.
6、 Kiss beast kiss beast is a decorative building component located on the roof of the temple.
In ancient Chinese society, the shape and installation position of components were covered with superstition.
According to Tang Huiyao, the Bailiang hall in the Han Dynasty had such things as “fish with Qiuwei like a Owl”, which meant to “avoid fire”.
In the records after the Jin Dynasty, the word “bushtail” appeared.
After the Mid Tang Dynasty, the word “tail” became the word “kiss”, so it was also called “kiss”.
On the main ridge and vertical ridge on the roof of the official building, there were kissing animals with different shapes and names.
The size and number of their shapes represented the level of the temple.
Kissing animals are usually placed on the roof of large-scale ancient buildings.
It is said that they can expel evil spirits, protect the safety of the house, and hope for plenty of food and clothing and prosperity.
Therefore, whether the building level is high or low, the house owners are decorated with “dragon” on the berm ridge end and corner ridge to avoid evil, so as to show the authority and status of the house owner.
7、 Door hairpin door hairpin is a door component of traditional Chinese architecture.
It is used to lock the middle sill and couplets.
It is like a large wooden pin to connect the relevant components together.
Door hairpins are either not carved or carved.
The carved door hairpin is mainly carved on the front of the hairpin head.
The themes include peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, shuttle flower and other four seasons flowers representing spring, summer, autumn and winter, symbolizing wealth and auspiciousness all year round; Or carve “Tuan Shou”, “Fu”, “auspicious” and other words, and then paste them on the door hairpin.
Various forms and rich contents.
8、 Door pillow stone door pillow stone is commonly known as door abutment, door seat, door platform, gate ballast stone, etc.
it is a functional component for installing and stabilizing the door leaf rotating shaft on the inner and outer sides of the threshold.
It is called door pillow stone because it is carved into pillow shape or box shape.
Because beggars once sat on it, Taiwan people also called it “beggar chair”.
They are pillow stones placed at both ends of the gate tower of the courtyard.
The inner part of the sleeper stone is used to support the gate, and the outer part is a balance member..
