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Any machine is composed of many components.
For example, single cylinder internal combustion engine is composed of cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing and other components.
There is definite relative motion between moving entities.
It can realize the conversion of energy, replace or reduce human labor and complete useful mechanical work.
For example, a generator can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy; Transport machines can change the position of objects in space; Metal cutting machine tools can change the size and shape of workpieces; The computer can change information and so on.
According to the above analysis, we can get a clear concept of machine: machine is the combination of human entities (components).
Its parts have definite relative motion, and can replace or reduce human physical labor, complete useful mechanical work or realize energy conversion.
According to its purpose, the machine can be divided into engine (prime mover) and working machine.
An engine is a machine that converts non mechanical energy into mechanical energy.
For example, an electric motor is a machine that converts electric energy into mechanical energy, and an internal combustion engine is a machine that converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
Working machine is a machine used to change the position, shape, performance, size and state of processed materials.
Working machine is a machine that uses mechanical energy to do useful work, such as lathe, milling machine and other metal cutting machine tools are working machines.
Mechanism is a component system used to transfer motion and force.
One component in the component system is a frame, and the component system is connected by moving pairs.
Compared with the machine, the mechanism is also a combination of artificial entities (components).
There is also a certain relative motion between the moving entities, but it can not do mechanical work or realize energy conversion.
The difference between machine and mechanism lies in: the main function of machine is to use mechanical energy to do work or realize energy conversion; The main function of the mechanism is to transmit or change the form of motion.
For example, aeroengines, machine tools, rolling mills, textile machines and tractors are all machines, while clocks, meters, jacks, speed change devices or indexing devices in machine tools are mechanisms.
A typical machine must contain one or more mechanisms.
If we do not consider doing work or realizing energy conversion, only from the point of view of structure and motion, there is no difference between machine and mechanism, but they are collectively referred to as machinery, that is, machinery is the general name of machine and mechanism.
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