by Development and Prospect of wood components of ancient buildings and wood cultural relics protection technology in China Xujiahe, Wang Chao, Zhang Bin Institute of wood industry, Chinese Academy of forestry Abstract: cultural heritage protection is an important foundation for inheriting history and culture, enhancing national unity, and maintaining national unity and social stability.
This paper summarizes the development process of the wood components of ancient buildings and the protection technology of wood cultural relics in the Wood Industry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of forestry, summarizes the current technology and its application and implementation progress in China, and analyzes the future development trend based on the current situation.
Key words: Wood Industry Research Institute; Wooden components of ancient buildings; Wooden cultural relics; Wood protection technology wood is a natural organic material.
During the processing or use, it will be affected by climate change, biological hazards and human factors, resulting in varying degrees of changes in the properties of wood.
Therefore, the main principles of the protection of ancient architectural wood components and wooden cultural relics are closely related to technology and wood science.
The Wood Industry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of forestry (hereinafter referred to as the wood Institute) was established in 1957 as a comprehensive national research institution in the field of wood science and technology in China.
After several generations of scientists’ inheritance, it has always insisted on using advanced wood science and technology to provide technical support for the protection of cultural heritage in China.
The author summarizes the technologies and achievements in the protection of wooden components of ancient buildings and wooden cultural relics of domestic units mainly engaged in the protection and research of wooden cultural relics, including the timber Institute, the Palace Museum, the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute, the Beijing Institute of ancient architecture, the Beijing Institute of cultural relics protection and design, and analyzes the development trend of related technologies, In order to provide reference and ideas for the protection of ancient wooden structures and wooden cultural relics in China.
Development history of wood components of ancient buildings and wood cultural relics protection technology of the wood industry research institute the first time that the wood Institute participated in the repair of wood components of ancient buildings was in 1968.
In preparation for celebrating the 20th anniversary of the founding of the people’s Republic of China, it undertook the tasks of drying, identification, corrosion protection and physical and mechanical tests of Tiananmen maintenance wood.
In 1972, he undertook the project of “identification of coffin wood of No.
1 Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha and Research on funerary wood”, carried out research on the physical and mechanical properties and wood corrosion resistance of coffin wood of Han tomb, and identified the tree species of coffin wood and funerary wood, thus starting the process of wood Institute participating in the protection of wooden cultural relics.
After more than 50 years of accumulation and expansion, the Institute has established many scientific research directions related to the protection of ancient building wood structures and wooden cultural relics, such as ancient building exploration, building bearing evaluation, wood identification, wood chemistry, wood protection, wood drying, wood mechanics, etc., carried out more than 20 vertical topics related to the protection of ancient building wood components and wooden cultural relics, and obtained more than 5million yuan of national and local scientific research projects, Among them, there are three projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, It has made achievements including “technical manual for anticorrosion and insect prevention of building wood components”, “samples of wood decay and insects endangering wood in the west”, “application results of nondestructive testing instruments and equipment in the safety assessment of ancient building wood components”, “isotope testing technology for the age of wood components”, “Research on the screening of anti mildew agents for site wood components”, “rapid detection and quantitative analysis of internal defects of ancient building wood columns” A number of technical achievements, including the national standard gb/t33041-2016 regional classification of damage levels of wood decay and termites on land in China, have made outstanding contributions to protecting China’s historical and cultural heritage and ensuring the quality of key cultural relics protection projects.
At the same time, the timber Institute has continuously verified and matured the scientific and technological achievements.
Relevant technologies have been applied in more than 50 world heritage sites or national key cultural relics protection projects, providing technical support for the protection of one fifth of China’s world heritage sites, including Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, Qinghai Tibet region, Daxing’an Mountains region, Shanxi Province and other areas with numerous ancient buildings or densely excavated cultural relics, with outstanding social benefits.
Since 1968, experts from the timber Institute have participated in the maintenance and protection of wood components of Tiananmen Gate Tower for seven times.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the gradual opening of the comprehensive repair and protection of the Palace Museum, the expert team of the timber Institute has participated in or undertaken 26 protection works for the wooden components of the ancient buildings in the Palace Museum, involving the maintenance and protection of more than 20 palaces or areas and more than 150 individual buildings in the Palace Museum.
In addition, among the technical achievements in the field of wood components of ancient buildings and wood cultural relics protection, 5 were carried out by relying on the cultural relics protection units in Beijing.
According to statistics, 36 works were carried out to 27 cultural relics protection units in Beijing, including the temple of heaven, Xiangshan, Prince Gong’s residence, the Imperial College, the Lama Temple, Zhihua temple, Qianmen, Yuanmingyuan, Beihai, Peking University, Zhengyangmen and other key cultural relics protection units.
In October, 1989, the largest maintenance project of the world-famous Potala Palace was officially started.
The Potala Palace anti-corrosion and insect control team composed of wood experts from the wood Institute went to Lhasa, Tibet to undertake the anti insect and anti-corrosion project of wood components of the Potala Palace maintenance project.
From 1989 to 2006, the expert team of the institute undertook or participated in the key cultural relics protection projects in Tibet, including the three key cultural relics of Potala Palace, loprinka and saga temple.
Since the 1990s, the timber Institute has successively participated in five projects to protect the ancient buildings of Qinghai Ta’er temple.
In 2001, the timber institute focused on the research on the law of wood decay under the typical environment in the western region, and once again carried out the research on the anti-corrosion and flame-retardant surface treatment technology of ancient building wood components relying on Qinghai Ta’er temple, and formulated the national standard gb/t33041-2016..
