by How many kinds of bricks are there on the Great Wall? Have you noticed? In fact, our great wall is not a simple wall.
In addition to a variety of structural materials and grades, the wall itself also contains many important components that are usually not noticed.
As for the construction of the wall of the Great Wall, it is usually built with buttress walls and crenels on the outside and building walls on the inside.
There are also those who build double-sided buttress walls, which can fight on both sides.
The materials used are not only rectangular green bricks of standard size, but also many special brick and stone components for special parts, as shown in the figure: the standard name of these buttress walls is “battlements”, which is the shelter of soldiers guarding the wall.
The height of some existing intact buttresses is mostly about 1.5-2 meters, which can completely shield the soldiers on the city wall from the enemy’s bow and arrow.
Hebei banchangyu Great Wall (children’s height is 1.4m) stack top brick.
The stack top brick on the top of the stack wall is commonly known as “hat brick”, which is specially used for the top of the stack wall.
It has the same function as the slope roof to prevent rain and water from eroding the wall.
Naziyu Great Wall in Hebei Province Panjiakou Great Wall in Hebei Province yangfangkou Great Wall in Shanxi Province ， stack pointed bricks are specially used at both ends of the stack wall.
Because of this prominent slope, the garrison can have a wider perspective to observe the enemy situation and have a larger shooting angle to aim at the enemy.
If the corner of the stack wall is at a right angle, the defenders need to look out and shoot, which is easy to be destroyed by the enemy’s divine archers.
This kind of stack point brick mostly appears in Jizhen town of the Ming Dynasty in the east of Hebei Province, while there are few places to set stack point brick on the great wall of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing.
The great wall of naziyu, Hebei Province yumuling, Hebei Province from the Great Wall to the great wall of shapoyu, Hebei Province is basically a square floor tile, which is often used for the laying of the top of the city wall, the top of the enemy building and the internal ground.
Through the laying of this square brick, the top of the city wall can be particularly flat, which is convenient for the rapid movement of the garrison.
This kind of brick is usually covered by silt and vegetation for many years on the wild great wall site, or it is excavated and damaged.
It is not easy to see it, but it can be seen more in the repaired Great Wall tourist area.
Jianganling Great Wall in Hebei Province and Mutianyu Great Wall in Beijing are usually laid at the root of the buttress wall or building wall, which is slightly lower than the ground at the top of the wall or enemy building.
They are used to drain the accumulated water.
In fact, they are components of a drainage tank.
The water will flow along the sink to a drain and then out of the wall.
This kind of drain brick is not easy to see now.
Beijing yingwo Building Great Wall Beijing Mutianyu Great Wall} faucet is a drainage component carved from stone.
At the tail is a water holding tank embedded under the drainage outlet of the stack wall.
After the water in the wall collects into the tank, it will flow away along the faucet extending out of the wall to avoid eroding the wall.
Although the faucet is only equivalent to a long drain pipe, it has been endowed with a variety of forms under the ingenious thinking of different craftsmen in different regions, mostly at the outlet of the head.
The most special Great Wall faucet I’ve ever seen is the shape of a faucet.
I can’t do it, but I can’t think of it.
Liangjiawan Great Wall, Hebei Province, Beijing Wudaoliang Great Wall, Weiziyu Great Wall, Hebei Province, Beijing wutaiding Great Wall, Beijing heiguguan Great Wall, huachangyu Great Wall, Hebei Province, Nianyu Shiguan Great Wall, Liu Gang photographed the crevasse stone.
The interval between the two groups of crevasse walls is called the crevasse.
Usually, a large stone carving component is embedded in this position, which is the crevasse stone.
Crenels are places where soldiers often hold hands and feet to look out or resist the enemy.
Stone components can not only strengthen the pier wall, but also prevent wear and tear.
Most of the existing crenels are rectangular, with a slight slope in the front and back.
A transverse ridge is carved on the back, and a round hole is opened in the center.
There are different opinions about the use of this small hole, but most people think it is used for erecting Falang machine, which is also closely related to the gradual popularization of firearms in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and the large distribution of weapons such as Falang machine to the border army.
The great wall of liujiakou, Hebei Province, the great wall of Damaoshan, Hebei Province, the great wall of hehekou, Hebei Province, is perforated brick.
Square, rectangular or circular holes are usually opened at the lower part of the stack wall for the garrison to look out, shoot arrows or release fire guns, which are called perforations or arrow holes.
This is a combat facility.
Its purpose is to attack the enemy, so as long as there are openings, it has achieved its purpose.
However, the craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty also devoted a lot of efforts to beautify and decorate this humble place.
When making bricks, they made standardized or personalized decorative components for the bricks at the perforation.
Therefore, the wall, which looks monotonous and repetitive, also has many unique decorative elements, even if it is only a slight difference such as sketching a curve, At least it also shows that the people who built the great wall are full of pride and love for this project.
Otherwise, who would be willing to waste a lot of time to do this unnecessary perforated brick pattern.
Liu Gang photographed two kinds of stone perforation components: Lianda editor: Li Xian read more: Great Wall classroom I convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex convex! Great Wall knowledge | defense facilities of the Great Wall Pass (I) Great Wall classroom | what about the border guards in the small glacier of the Ming Dynasty?..
