by After the first two essays were published, they received positive responses from friends.
Thank you for your support! Of course, not everyone agrees with the views in this article.
I think this is a good thing.
It can stimulate thinking and discussion, which is the significance of this article.
A friend asked: “with the development of intelligent factory processing, will standardization at the component level hinder the overall standardization, but become a constraint on design institutes and processing plants? In the long run, especially with the development of intelligence, component standardization is not necessary.” Some friends think: “intelligent production needs more standardization!” The two friends tit for tat and asked a good question! So, does intelligent production need standardization of parts (components)? The previous summary “precast building ｜ re discussion on Design Standardization (1)” puts forward that design standardization is the bottleneck restricting the development of precast building, and discusses the problems of what is “standardization” and for whom; “Precast building ｜ further discussion on Design Standardization (2)” puts forward six forms of standardization, and discusses two forms of “simplification” and “unification”.
Table of contents 1 The low degree of design standardization is the number one problem restricting the development of precast buildings.
2 What is standardization? 3.
For whom? 4.
What are the forms of standardization? 4.1 simplification and unification continue to discuss the generalization of standardized methods.
4.2.
Generalization 4.2.1 What is “generalization”? Generalization is the most common form of standardization.
“Generalization” is defined in the introduction to standardization edited by Li Futian: “in mutually independent systems, the standardized form of selecting and determining subsystems or functional units with functional interchangeability or size interchangeability is called generalization.” Generally speaking, generalization means that some products or parts in the system can be replaced with each other during maintenance or replacement, and the function and size of the system can remain unchanged after replacement.
Therefore, interchangeability is the premise of generalization.
Interchangeability includes two aspects: function and size.
Function interchangeability refers to that different objects in the system have the same function and can replace each other; Dimensional interchangeability refers to that the objects in the system are the same or similar in size and can be interchanged within the accuracy range.
Physical products with the above “interchangeability” (often parts of products or intermediate products) are generally called “general parts”.
Of course, the objects of generalization are not limited to physical products, but also methods, procedures, technical requirements, processes and management activities.
The general drawing (or standard drawing) commonly used in architectural design also belongs to a form of non physical generalization.
The purpose of generalization is to expand the scope of use of the same kind of products or parts (such as components, parts, components, intermediate products, etc.), minimize repeated labor in the design and manufacturing process, shorten the design and development cycle, and improve benefits.
4.2.2.
The standard atlas is the basic universal design.
It is the most common practice to adopt the national, local or enterprise standard atlas in the design (FIG.
20).
The standard atlas fixes some mature practices of architecture, which can simplify the design work and reduce the repeated work of designers, which is conducive to improving the design efficiency and reducing the design errors.
However, excessive reliance on standard atlas will degrade the ability of designers’ technological innovation, lead to slow technological progress and is not conducive to the improvement of building quality.
Therefore, in some high-quality architectural projects, architects often do not directly adopt the usual practice of standard drawing collection, but will spare no effort in technical secondary creation to achieve the desired architectural quality.
Figure 20 standard atlas is the basic universal design (precast reinforced concrete stairs (public buildings) edited by Chinese Academy of Sciences), and the pictures are from network 4.2.3 How to carry out “universal” design? The application of generalization in architectural design is a circular process of screening and analysis, processing and warehousing, improvement, expansion and re accumulation (Fig.
21).
The first step is to start with the existing architectural design data, or find a design project with strong universal characteristics, analyze the components, components or parts of the building, such as building, unit, building elevator, kitchen and toilet, main structure and external enclosure wall, and analyze their commonness and individuality, Find out the common parts or components (components) and define them as “general components”.
This is the starting link of generalization, which can lay a foundation for universal design and the establishment of “universal part library”.
The second step is to analyze and summarize the shortlisted “general components”, further clarify the specifications, performance and other parameters, and clarify the applicable conditions or interfaces of these “general components”.
The processed general parts can be incorporated into the “general parts library” to form “inventory design”.
When designing other buildings, the existing “general parts” shall be used as far as possible.
Third, in the new architectural design, the existing “general components” may not fully meet the design requirements.
The existing “general components” can be re designed, new functions can be added, or the dimensions can be changed and expanded to produce new “general components”.
These new “general components” are secondary development on the existing “general components”.
The fourth step, in the new architectural design, will also produce a new “general components”.
These general components are not the extension or extension of the existing general components, but are completely newly designed.
The new “general parts” can be standardized and added to the existing “general parts library” to enrich and expand the “general parts” library.
The design based on the “general parts” in the “general parts library” can greatly improve the design efficiency and quality..
