by Advantages of prefabricated Production and construction: prefabricated buildings refer to buildings that transfer a large number of on-site operations in the traditional construction mode to the factory (workshop), process and manufacture building parts and components in the factory, such as floor slabs, wallboards, stairs, balconies, etc., transport them to the construction site, and assemble and install them on the site through reliable connection.
How is its production and construction mode? 1.
Production and construction process of prefabricated components the general process flow of precast concrete component production is: Design of building fabrication drawing → design of component disassembly (design drawing of component formwork reinforced soil and embedded parts) → mold design → mold manufacturing → mold cleaning → mold assembly → release agent and coarse bone material painting → reinforcement processing and binding → water and electricity, embedded parts, doors and windows embedding → acceptance of concealed works → concrete pouring → curing → formwork removal Lifting → surface treatment → quality inspection → warehousing or transportation of finished components → site installation.
2.
Production process of prefabricated components (1) flow process of flat formwork unit: this process is characterized by relatively fixed main mechanical equipment, and the formwork is lifted by the crane to complete the formation of components during the movement.
(2) flat formwork conveying flow process: the formwork is equipped with traveling wheels or conveyed by roller table, and can be moved without crane.
Each process is completed during the process of walking along the production line, and then the formed components and steel formwork are sent to the curing kiln.
(3) fixed flat mold process: the feature is that the template is fixed, and each process of component forming is completed in one position.
(4) formwork erection process: it is characterized by vertical use of formwork and has multiple functions.
The formwork is a box, and the cavity can be filled with steam.
The side formwork is equipped with vibration equipment.
(5) long line pedestal process: it is applicable to components with small thickness produced in the open air and pretensioned prestressed reinforced concrete components (see prestressed concrete structure), such as hollow floor, trough plate, T-shaped plate, double T-shaped plate, I-shaped plate, small pile, small column, etc.
3.
Field installation (1) vertical component installation (prefabricated wall): ①.
Installation of slings and wind ropes.
After the installation of the spreader, the included angle between the wallboard and the wire rope must be greater than 45 degrees; The wind cable shall be placed on the front of the wall panel for easy operation.
Check whether the concrete around the hanging nail has crack quality defects.
② The components shall be leveled and lifted.
After the components are leveled, loosen the pins for lifting.
After the components are lifted, stop at about 1m above the ground, and then eliminate the swing of the components.
③ Remove the edge protection.
Remove the outer protective railings at the corresponding installation positions, and put the removed edge protection bars into the storage rack, and then lift them uniformly.
Note: during disassembly, the operator must fasten the safety belt and connect it with the fall protector and the hanging point at a reliable position.
④ Hoisting and positioning of components.
The components shall be hoisted according to the hoisting line.
Firstly, the components shall be hoisted to the operating surface, and the falling shall be stopped when it is about 1000mm high from the floor.
Then, the operator shall guide the landing by hand, observe whether the connecting rebar is aligned with the hole with a mirror, and then slowly drop to the gasket to stop the landing.
The inclined support shall be installed with a uniform height, and the intermediate inclined support shall be added according to the length of the member.
The bottom of the inclined support shall be fixed with no less than 2 self double bolts, and the protruding length of the screw at the bottom of the inclined support shall be no more than 250mm ⑤ Check of components.
First, adjust the inclined support.
When adjusting the perpendicularity, all the inclined supports fixed on the wall panel shall be rotated at the same time.
It is forbidden to rotate one piece outward and the other piece inward to continue the installation of other wallboards in this section.
⑥ Quality acceptance.
After the installation of components, the project quality engineer shall conduct the actual measurement and acceptance of the side line, end line, perpendicularity and vertical joint width of components.
⑦ Plug joint grouting.
Caulking grouting process: sleeve grouting shall be carried out 6 hours after the completion of caulking, the sand shall be mixed and the fluidity shall be tested, and the material shall be poured into the grouting machine.
Plug the lower row of grouting holes, insert the grouting nozzle, start the grouting pump, etc.
when the slurry flows out of the slurry outlet in a columnar shape, plug the slurry outlet.
After plugging the slurry outlet one by one, pull out the grouting nozzle and plug the grouting hole.
(2) Installation of horizontal members (laminated plate): ① installation of slings and wind rope.
During the installation of slings, appropriate wire ropes and slings shall be selected according to the weight and shape of components.
The wind cable shall be placed on the front of the laminated plate for easy operation.
② Hoisting and positioning of components.
The operator pulls the cable and wind rope to slowly lower the components.
The installation operator must connect the safety belt and the square fall device with the fixed hanging point at a reliable position.
③ Check of components.
Check the support length of the two ends of the floor supported on the wall or beam and the width of the joint of the adjacent laminated plate.
④ Remove the hook.
Confirm that the support is evenly stressed without looseness, and the floor commander sends the instruction to the tower crane driver to remove the hook, continue the installation of other overlapping floors in this section, and then remove the tripod of the construction channel.
⑤ .
install the edge protection fence and protect the opening.
After the installation of the laminated plate, the tool type protective railing shall be installed in place immediately.
The hole shall be covered with a cover plate that can prevent sliding.
The installer must connect the safety belt, fall protector and the hanging point at a reliable position.
⑥ Quality acceptance.
After the installation of components is completed, the project quality engineer must conduct actual measurement and acceptance on the elevation and direction of the installed laminated floor.
Conclusion: through the above production and construction process of prefabricated buildings, we can understand that prefabricated buildings transfer some high-altitude and high-altitude operations of traditional buildings to workshops, and even if automation is not carried out, the production efficiency will be improved.
Moreover, the working environment of the factory is superior to that of the site.
The factory production is not restricted by the meteorological conditions, and the wind and rain do not affect the component production.
Meanwhile, the production time of the factory will not be affected by the surrounding environment of the construction site and the requirements of local policies on the construction site.
It is believed that with the maturity of relevant supporting technologies and the support of policies, prefabricated buildings will become the mainstream construction method in the future.
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