by Click the blue font above to pay attention to our source: excerpted from the newly published book “design and deepening drawing of precast concrete buildings” Shanghai precast building development promotion platform.
The integrated precast building is the representative of new building industrialization.
In the construction process, standardized design, industrialized production, precast construction, integrated decoration and information management are adopted.
According to the classification of main structure materials, it can be divided into wood structure, steel structure, concrete structure and other buildings.
Classified according to the construction stage, it can be divided into main structure assembly construction and decoration assembly construction.
Taking the assembly construction of the main structure of concrete structure as an example, a large number of on-site operations in the construction process are transferred to the factory for intensive production, and the building parts made in the factory, such as floor slab, wallboard, staircase and balcony, are transported to the construction site and assembled through reliable connection.
01 cast building wood structure modern wood structure building refers to a building in which the materials of main structural components such as beams, columns, floors and roofs are completely made of cast and standardized wood or engineering wood products, and the connecting nodes between structures are connected and fixed by metal connectors.
It is different from the wooden structure of beam column system connected with tenon and mortise in ancient China.
At present, in the application of wood structure system engineering in China, most of the villa buildings of light wood structure system, clubs and office buildings of heavy frame shear wall system, and a small number of representative buildings and bridges of heavy arch and reticulated shell structure system.
However, generally speaking, the domestic wood structure system technology is still in its infancy, and the relevant standards and specifications at the three levels of materials, components and structure are not perfect, especially the specifications of structure system technology are still lacking, which can not meet the technical requirements of the modernization of the construction industry.
At present, light wood structure system and heavy frame shear wall structure system are mainly recommended in China.
These two systems are applicable to different types of buildings such as farmers’ self built houses, collective houses in villages and towns, villas and folk houses.
Local tree species can be used to use structural materials according to local conditions, so as to reduce construction costs and promote wood structures.
The advantages of modern wood structure are: safety, comfort, reasonable cost, low energy consumption in construction and maintenance, little impact on the environment, and the use of renewable materials; The installation of log building is simple and fast, the construction process is clean and pollution-free, and the construction is far away from noise and pollution.
Wood structure – the modern wood structure of Henan longfu life experience center has the following disadvantages: it is not suitable for building multi-storey and high-rise buildings; The problem of component fire prevention is difficult to solve; It consumes a lot of wood.
02 precast building steel structure building steel structure is naturally a structural form in line with the characteristics of precast building.
The structural components of steel structure buildings are completely processed in the factory and only assembled on site to complete the structural construction.
Since the 1990s, steel structure system has been widely used in domestic housing construction.
The three most representative aspects are: industrial buildings and storage buildings with portal frame system as the typical structure; Railway station buildings, airport terminals, highway transportation hubs and toll stations, stadiums, theatres, cinemas, concert halls and exhibition facilities with various spatial structure systems as roof structures; It is a high-rise and super high-rise structural system composed of peripheral steel frame concrete core tube or steel plate shear wall.
In the popularization and application of building steel structure system, there is still a gap between the steel structure system suitable for residential buildings and public buildings, which is the weak link in the popularization and application of steel structure system.
On the one hand, the functional requirements of residential buildings can still give full play to the advantages of traditional building structural materials; On the other hand, people’s understanding of steel structure architecture needs to be updated.
Some people still equate color steel house with light steel house; Third, the engineering community has not fully exploited the overall technical advantages of industrialized buildings related to steel structure system, so we should vigorously develop the supporting industry of steel structure.
Steel structure – the steel structure of Hainan bosguan Haitai No.
1 residence has the advantages of high strength, light weight, good seismic performance, fast construction speed, small size of structural components and high degree of industrialization.
At the same time, the steel structure is a reusable green environmental protection material.
The disadvantages of steel structure are: fire resistance and corrosion prevention.
03 precast building concrete structure precast concrete structure is an integral structure formed by precast concrete components through cast-in-situ connection, bolt connection, sleeve grouting connection and other reliable connection forms.
The characteristics of precast concrete structure are: the surface of precast components is flat, the size is accurate, and the quality of buildings is significantly improved; Fast construction and reduce cast-in-situ concrete operation; Reduce noise and dust during construction and have little impact on the surrounding environment.
Fabricated concrete structures are mainly divided into three categories: cast integral frame structure, cast integral shear wall structure and cast integral frame shear wall structure.
Assembled integral frame structure is mainly used in buildings with large space requirements, such as shops, schools, hospitals and so on.
There are few types of precast components and high degree of standardization.
Assembled integral frame structure – the assembled integral shear wall structure in Shenjiang campus of the second Central Primary School in Pudong New Area is a common structural system in high-rise residential buildings.
There are no beams, columns and other structural components protruding from the wall, and the indoor space is regular.
There are many types of precast components with low degree of standardization.
Assembled integral shear wall structure – assembled integral frame cast-in-situ shear wall structure of c08-18 resettlement house in Chuansha new town, Pudong New Area is a common structural system in high-rise office and hotel buildings.
A certain number of shear walls are arranged in the frame structure to form a flexible and free use space to meet the requirements of different building functions.
At the same time, there are enough shear walls and considerable lateral stiffness.
The types of precast members are mainly columns, beams and plates, and the shear wall is cast-in-situ..
