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The column is an upright pole used to support the weight of the upper part of a building, commonly known as a “column”.
Columns, like most other building components, have a rich variety of categories and a certain development process.
According to their position in the building, they can be divided into eaves columns, golden columns, central columns, child columns, melon columns, corner columns, corridor columns, etc.
According to the section shape of the column, there are different images such as column, square column, Hexagonal prism, Octagonal prism, etc; According to the materials used for columns, they can be divided into wooden columns, stone columns, etc.
According to decoration, there are also carved dragon columns, painted columns, plain faced columns, etc.
In addition, there are separate upright columns or two columns that stand closely together when used.
The pillars have both continued and inherited in various periods, as well as developed and changed.
For example, square columns first appeared in the Qin Dynasty, while in the Han Dynasty, octagonal columns, bunched bamboo columns, portrait columns, etc.
were added.
After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, square columns were rarely used, and in the Song Dynasty, columns and Octagonal prism were mostly used.
There are also many pillars with the same function and position, but they have different names in different periods, such as Gua Pillar, which was called “Shu Pillar” or “dwarf pillar” in the Song Dynasty, and was only called “Gua Pillar” after the Ming Dynasty.
In ancient times, pillars were mostly made of wood, and there were also stone pillars.
To prevent water and moisture, a column foundation is built between the main column and the foundation, and stones are placed on top of the wooden column foundation.
2、 Classification of columns: 1.
Divide into square columns, columns, octagonal columns, and hexagonal columns according to their cross-sectional shapes.
2.
According to the material of the columns, they are divided into wooden columns, stone columns, and brick columns.
3.
Divide long columns, short columns, and medium long columns according to their slenderness ratio.
4.
Divide into straight columns and shuttle columns according to their appearance.
3、 Classified by the function and location of columns, it is too numerous to list.
Below are several commonly mentioned columns: 1.
Eave columns, also known as colonnades, are the outermost column under the eaves of a building that supports the eaves, also known as outer columns.
It is commonly used in buildings with double eaves or double eaves with flat seats, supporting and protruding longer eaves and corner beams.
The columns are divided into stone and wood, while the cross-section is divided into round and square, usually square, and the column diameter is small.
2.
Corner column The corner column is located at the Construction Point, and there is only one frame beam connected to it in each of the two directions orthogonal to the column.
Simply put, the pillars at the four corners of the building.
It should be noted that corner columns can be seen as strengthening the weak parts of the structure from the perspective of conceptual design.
So there are special regulations for corner columns in terms of calculation, seismic construction, etc
.
