by Introduction to prefabricated building prefabricated building refers to a building assembled on the construction site with prefabricated components.
This kind of building has the advantages of fast construction speed, little restriction by climatic conditions, labor saving and improving construction quality.
Characteristics of prefabricated buildings 1 A large number of building components, such as exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated plates, balconies, air-conditioning panels, stairs, precast beams and precast columns, are produced and processed by the workshop.
Centralized production greatly reduces the project cost and is more conducive to quality control.
2.
The building components produced by the factory are transported to the site for assembly, which reduces the workload of formwork engineering and labor, and speeds up the construction speed, which is of great significance to reduce the project cost.
3.
Assembly construction will turn the whole building from a project into a product.
The more standard the components, the higher the production efficiency and the lower the cost.
With the digital management of the factory, the price of the whole prefabricated building is far from comparable to the traditional construction method.
4.
Different from the traditional buildings, the main body must be completed before decoration.
The prefabricated buildings can assemble the decoration parts of each prefabricated component after completion, which realizes the synchronization between the decoration project and the main project, reduces the construction process and reduces the project cost.
5.
The selection of building materials for prefabricated buildings is more flexible.
The application of various energy-saving and environmental protection materials such as light steel and wood plates makes prefabricated buildings more in line with the concept of green buildings.
Types of prefabricated buildings 1 Block building is a prefabricated building with prefabricated block materials built into walls, which is suitable for building 3 ~ 5 floors.
Of course, if the block strength is improved or reinforced, the number of floors can be increased appropriately, but it can only be used as a low-rise building.
However, it has the advantages of simple production process, simple construction, low cost, and can also use local materials and industrial waste.
2 Plate building is assembled by prefabricated large-scale internal and external wall panels, floors and roof panels, also known as large plate building.
It can effectively reduce the structural weight, improve labor productivity, and expand the use area and anti earthquake function of buildings.
It is the main type of prefabricated buildings.
Wall panels are divided into load-bearing wall panels and decorative wall panels.
Most of the load-bearing wall panels are reinforced concrete panels.
Decorative wall panels, such as outer wall panels, are reinforced concrete composite panels with thermal insulation layer, and special steel wood thermal insulation composite panels with external finishes.
All kinds of plates can be loaded after hoisting and assembly, with fast construction speed and low construction price.
3.
Box building is a kind of prefabricated building developed on the basis of plate building.
The biggest feature is that all room units or small bays, kitchens, bathrooms or staircases are made into load-bearing boxes in structure, and then integrated with wallboards and floors.
This kind of building has a higher degree of industrialization and faster on-site installation.
It can not only complete the structural part of the box in the factory, but also complete the internal decoration and equipment, and even complete the furniture and carpet.
It can be used after on-site hoisting and connecting the pipeline.
There is even a prefabricated building called movable residence.
Each residential unit is like a large trailer.
It can be used as long as it is pulled to the site with a special car, hoisted to the floor cushion block by a crane and connected with the embedded water channel, power supply and telephone system! Moreover, there are heating, bathroom, kitchen, dining room, bedroom and other facilities inside.
It can not only become a single residence, but also connect with each other to become a whole residence.
4.
Skeleton plate building, which is composed of prefabricated skeleton and plate.
Its load-bearing structure generally has two forms.
One is the frame structure system composed of columns and beams, and then shelving floors and non load-bearing inner and outer wall panels; The other is a load-bearing plate column structure system composed of columns and floors, and the inner and outer wall panels are non load-bearing components.
The bearing frame can be heavy reinforced concrete structure or heavy steel structure, with light self weight and flexible internal separation.
It is suitable for multi-storey and high-rise buildings.
5.
Rising slab and rising storey building the structural system of this building is the joint load-bearing of slab and column.
It is to repeatedly pour each floor and roof slab on the bottom concrete ground, erect precast reinforced concrete columns, take the column as the guide rod, lift the floor and roof slab to the design height, and then fix them.
As for the internal and external walls, cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, brick walls can also be built, and other light curtain walls can be installed.
It moves a large number of cast-in-situ processes to the ground, reduces high-altitude operation and vertical transportation, saves formwork and scaffold works, and reduces the area of the construction site.
It is very suitable for buildings with limited construction site.
It is mostly used as shopping malls, warehouses, workshops and multi-storey garages.
The application of prefabricated buildings the development of prefabricated buildings is leading in the United States, Canada, Japan and some European countries.
From the beginning of the 20th century, some North American countries such as the United States and Canada began to study and apply prefabricated buildings, and established the Precast / Prestressed Concrete Association (PCI) to study and promote prefabricated buildings for a long time.
After that, the Association issued many codes and standards on prefabricated buildings, which further promoted the development and application of prefabricated buildings.
In large-scale engineering practice, prefabricated buildings give full play to their advantages, reflecting the advantages of good quality, high efficiency, economy and durability.
The development of prefabricated buildings in Japan has reached an ultra-high level in the world, and the relevant building standards and specifications of prefabricated buildings in Japan are also very perfect.
In the development and application of prefabricated buildings in Japan, prefabricated buildings are applied to high-rise and super high-rise buildings in earthquake areas.
In several sudden earthquakes, prefabricated buildings give full play to their seismic advantages, ensure people’s life safety, and get full attention.
Europe is the birthplace of prefabricated architecture, which can be traced back to the 17th century.
European countries have an early understanding of prefabricated buildings.
Through continuous scientific development and technological innovation, they have also had relatively perfect ideas on construction methods, accumulated more experience, and compiled a series of engineering standards and application manuals of prefabricated buildings, which plays an important role in promoting the development of prefabricated buildings.
In China, from the 1950s, people began to gradually understand and understand prefabricated buildings.
In the early 1960s, people began to preliminarily study the construction methods of prefabricated buildings, and formed a new architectural system.
Through the continuous development of science and technology, the development of prefabricated architecture in China reached its peak until the 1980s.
However, due to the limitations and shortcomings of prefabricated buildings, and the limited design and construction level in China at that time, it could not keep up with the development needs of prefabricated buildings.
The application of prefabricated buildings in China was not really popularized in a large area until the 1990s, but there were still limitations in the Research of architectural design and construction management, As a result, the popularization and application of prefabricated buildings in China is relatively slow.
With the development of modern industrial technology, houses can also be manufactured in batches and complete sets like machine production! The prefabricated building components are transported to the construction site for on-site assembly, which is the prefabricated building! Compared with the traditional construction method, it has the advantages of fast construction speed, high construction quality and low cost.
It is the development trend of the new generation of urban architecture.
Source: BIM learning network – the.
