by 99% of the people of doors, windows and curtain walls point to the top and pay attention to the door, window and curtain wall alliance.
General design principles: 1.
Safety.
Safety is the most important under any circumstances.
The design index shall meet the purpose, performance and certain service life of the building, and comply with the corresponding national and industrial standards and specifications.
As the external maintenance structure, the curtain wall shall select appropriate materials, structure and sufficient strength to resist wind load, snow load, self weight, part of seismic action and impact load caused by external force under special circumstances.
Effective measures shall be taken to ensure the reliability and durability of the curtain wall.
2.
Except for the connection with the main structure, the main connection design of floating connection} curtain wall shall adopt floating connection, and leave enough clearance to absorb settlement, thermal stress and some seismic action.
Reasonable sealing materials or structures shall be used to seal the reserved gap, and water tightness and appropriate air tightness must be ensured.
3.
Economy.
China is still a poor country, and economic application is also a principle that can not be ignored.
On the premise of ensuring safety and certain service performance, the material cost should be saved as much as possible.
4.
Equal performance design.
The main performance of curtain wall includes air tightness, water tightness, thermal insulation, sound insulation and optics.
We should adopt equal performance design in curtain wall design.
Equal performance design has two meanings: one is to adopt the appropriate performance design according to the use function and purpose of different parts of the curtain wall; Second, under the condition of the same function and purpose, the performance of different parts should be the same.
For example: there is no need to use heat breaking profiles at the ventilation louvers; Aluminum plate and stone curtain wall should belong to the decorative cold wall system, and should adopt open structure.
Sealant should not be used to block the gap to make it airtight; The opening part of curtain wall should have the same performance as the fixed part, etc.
5.
Processability and installability.
The processability and installability of curtain wall should be considered from the structural design stage.
Good processability and installation, which is conducive to the organization of production and on-site construction management, shorten the construction period, and save manpower, equipment operation and management costs.
6.
Maintainability} curtain wall design must consider the repair and maintenance after installation.
The curtain wall panel and the main member of the curtain wall must adopt a detachable structure for replacement in case of panel damage and other circumstances.
In fact, it is not difficult to design the curtain wall into a detachable structure, and it is very necessary.
Another example is the thermal channel curtain wall, which must leave enough space for people to enter or the inner side is an openable structure for cleaning and maintenance.
2、 Classification of component curtain wall n component curtain wall is divided into glass curtain wall, aluminum plate curtain wall, stone curtain wall, ceramic plate curtain wall, photoelectric plate curtain wall and combined curtain wall between different materials according to panel materials; According to the structure of the main members of the curtain wall, it is divided into open frame curtain wall, hidden frame curtain wall and semi hidden frame curtain wall.
The exposed frame curtain wall can be divided into internal installation, external installation and mixed installation according to the panel installation method, of which the external installation is the most common (as shown in Figure 1).
Fig.
1 hidden frame curtain wall can be divided into built-in type, external buckle type, external internal type, full external type, external external external type, external external external type and small unit type according to the installation method of attached frame and main rod of curtain wall.
The first three types of concealed frames are installed on the indoor side, and the rest are installed on the outdoor side (as shown in Figure 2).
Because the indoor side installation requires a certain indoor space, the interior decoration needs to be damaged when replacing the panel in the future, and there are problems of combined curtain wall of glass and aluminum plate and poor installation of aluminum panel, so all structures and nodes in this paper are considered and designed by the installation outside the room.
Figure 2 III.
connection design between main members of curtain wall and main body of building the connection structure between members of curtain wall and main body of building is generally concealed works, which is sometimes not very noticeable, but in fact it plays an important role in the safety and reliability of the whole curtain wall and the overall optimization design of curtain wall.
We often connect the main load-bearing members of the curtain wall with the embedded parts reasonably arranged on the main structure through connectors, and use appropriate methods to connect them.
1.
The main load-bearing member of curtain wall # generally, the column is selected as the main load-bearing member of curtain wall, but in fact, if the main structure of the building is appropriate, the beam can also be used as the main load-bearing member (as shown in Figure 3).
The beam is the main force bearing member, which is more reasonable and has better shockproof effect.
It can be calculated as multi span statically indeterminate beam, so the cross section of beam and column is relatively small and the economy is better.
Figure 32 Embedded parts # embedded parts can be divided into upper buried type, side buried type and lower buried type according to their position on the main structure (as shown in Figure 4).
Among them, the lower buried type has unfavorable stress and should be used with caution; According to the installation time, it is divided into embedded parts and post patched embedded parts.
Post patched embedded parts can only be connected with the main structure through expansion bolts and chemical anchors.
Since the installation quality of post patched embedded parts is greatly affected by the conditions and personnel of on-site construction, it is not easy to control, and often can not reach the design index.
In particular, the state has expressly stipulated that expansion bolts are not allowed to be used in the tensile parts, so post patched embedded parts shall not be used as far as possible if it is not necessary.
According to the shape of embedded parts, embedded parts are divided into grooved embedded parts (as shown in Figure 5) and claw embedded parts (a ~ F are several common types, as shown in Figure 6).
Figure 4 ￠ Figure 5 ￠ Figure 6 ￠ the connection strength between embedded parts and main body directly determines the safety of the whole curtain wall, which must be strictly controlled.
The following points should be paid attention to in the design of embedded parts: (1) The size and position of embedded anchor bars and embedded plates shall be designed in strict accordance with code for glass curtain wall engineering (JGJ102-2003) and code for design of concrete structures (GB50010-2002)..
