by Ancient Chinese carpenters did not use nails, but relied on these mortise and tenon ▼ mortise and tenon, an amazing traditional Chinese beautiful mortise and tenon (s) ǔ nm ǎ o) , is the main structural mode of ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other instruments.
It is a connection mode combining concave and convex parts on the two components.
The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The concave part is called mortise (or mortise, tenon groove).
In ancient China, tenon and mortise structures were used not only in the field of architecture, but also in the field of furniture.
In China, wooden building frames generally include columns, beams, braces, base plates, Yantan, bucket arches, rafters, watchboards and other basic components.
These components are independent of each other and need to be connected in a certain way to form a house.
The “mortise and tenon” method of connecting various parts of Chinese furniture is the main structural mode of furniture modeling.
All kinds of mortise and tenon have different methods and different application ranges, but they have the “joint” function of physical structure on each piece of furniture.
If the mortise and tenon are used properly, the two wooden structures can be tightly buckled to the degree of “seamless”.
It is a basic skill that ancient carpenters must have.
The craftsmanship can be clearly reflected through the structure of tenon and mortise.
Mortise and tenon structures can be roughly divided into three types: ▼ one type is mainly for the joint of face to face, the combination of two edges, and the joint of face to edge.
Such as “notch tenon”, “tongue and groove tenon”, “dovetail tenon”, “threading tenon”, “binding tenon”, etc.
The other is the structural method as “point”.
It is mainly used for T-joint of horizontal and vertical materials, angular joint, cross joint, and extension joint of straight and arc materials.
Such as “grid shoulder tenon”, “double tenon”, “double clip tenon”, “hook tenon”, “wedge nail tenon”, “half tenon”, “through tenon” and so on.
The other is the construction method of combining the three components and connecting them with each other.
This method is more complex and special than using some of the above tenon and mortise joint structures.
For example, the common ones are “supporting tenon”, “long and short tenon”, “shoulder tenon”, “Zongjiao tenon” and so on.
The following real dynamic pictures of mortise and tenon structures are displayed (covering the most important, practical and classic style structures in ancient mortise and tenon structures) : straight material cross combined with arc surface straight material angle combined with walking pin hand tenon arc straight material cross flat plate open tenon angle combined with shoulder tenon deformation thick plate dull tenon angle combined with thick plate through tenon and tenon pat trowel cabinet bottom complete cylindrical T-shaped combined tenon three straight material cross bed surround save connect ten thousand words save edge grooving board hanging shoulder four side flat tenon cylinder two-dimensional right angle cross tenon square combined with one leg three tooth square table The structure is round and fragrant, with several edges grooved, wedge nails, tenons, collets, tenons and cloud shaped shoulder mortises.
The traditional Zongjiao tenon, fan-shaped shoulder mortises and high waist holding shoulder mortises and mortises are an extremely exquisite invention.
This kind of component connection makes the traditional Chinese wood structure a special flexible structure beyond the contemporary architectural bent, frame or rigid frame, which can not only bear large loads, but also allow certain deformation, Under seismic load, the deformation can offset certain seismic energy and reduce the seismic response of the structure.
The reasonable use of mortise and tenon and the precision of production are not only directly related to the rigorous and firm structure of furniture, but also affect the service life of furniture, but also related to the beauty and artistry of furniture.
If a piece of furniture is full of nail holes and twisted joints, it can not be regarded as a “usable” furniture, and there is no way to talk about its artistry and collection value.
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