by Are you shocked by the magnificence of the Forbidden City? Are you amazed at the towering Tengwang pavilion? After nearly a thousand years of baptism, the beautiful and charming ancient buildings are still shining on the land of China.
It is the “great wooden work” that condenses the wisdom and efforts of countless craftsmen that maintains them Structural system ancient craftsmen use ingenious mortise and tenon combinations to connect single components and gradually form a complete mechanical structural system.
They can stand for thousands of years without a nail or rivet.
Do you want to know how those magnificent ancient buildings are connected and combined? This class of Zhejiang University will take you to unlock the mysteries with one click.
Follow Xiao Zhe to have a look! Student works student works student works 2020 student work summary crescent building 208 office: model storage space “for the complex construction system of ancient Chinese architecture, personal experience is the best learning method and the best memory rule.” Zhang Yuyu, the lecturer of the professional course “Architectural History II: history of ancient Chinese architecture” in the Department of architecture of Zhejiang University, said.
Adhering to this concept, this course, which is jokingly called “the hardest core professional course” by architecture students, not only has theoretical study, but also has practical homework – Pavilion model making is an important content.
Through the relevant drawings provided by Zhang Yuyu and the field survey, the students make the structural model of the pavilion in the size ratio of 1:30 or 1:50.
Let’s take a look at how these pavilions and pavilions rise from the ground! Preliminary preparation: “Pavilion” is the first to see.
The structural composition of a traditional Pavilion often requires hundreds of components, many of which can even reach thousands.
Among them, the beam frame overlapping, tenon and mortise combination and bucket arch production of the pavilion are fine and ingenious.
If they are not carefully studied, they will be confused.
The model making of such a pavilion is a big challenge for the students who first came into contact with the production of ancient buildings.
No, there is still more than a month to hand in their homework, and the students began to make preparations.
The model visit to the 208 Office of crescent building opened the curtain of the “Pavilion war”.
In the process of appreciating the model made by the senior and senior students, Zhang Yuyu explained in detail the structural differences and formation reasons of different pavilions to the students from the details of workmanship to the selection of materials.
Such a close contact with the model gives the students a general understanding of the internal structure of the pavilion.
After explaining the model and feeling the pavilion for the first time, the students should “select the type”, that is, select the type of Pavilion they like.
After the selection, they can start digital modeling, issue material list, purchase wood and related tools.
In addition, Zhang Yuyu specially invited enthusiastic seniors and sisters to share their experience in Pavilion production through webcast.
In the preliminary preparation, the students need to clarify the structure of the pavilion according to the drawings, understand the name of the components and the connection mode between the components, and be confident.
Only in this way can the production be orderly.
When it is difficult to clarify ideas by imagination alone, students will use modeling software for 3D digital modeling to help understand.
Pavilion drawings Pavilion SketchUp model Pavilion SketchUp model of course, in order to better understand the structure and detail practices, especially the actual materials, paving details and connection methods, field investigation is a better choice.
The students went to the field investigation, collected the huge Pavilion building into a ruler, understood the components in different forms in their heart, and then built a pavilion in their mind, so that they can start to issue the material list and purchase equipment! When the bill of materials issued by the students is started, the “Pavilion” road is difficult.
Chinese ancient buildings are produced in modules, that is, the components are uniformly produced and then assembled on the spot.
Each component has corresponding size specifications.
Therefore, in the production, all parts must be made perfect first, and finally assembled as a whole.
Model component: don’t underestimate this small bucket arch.
It is a work of experience through four processes: painting, cutting, carving and grinding.
Like other components, students first draw and shape the component detail on the wood, then cut out the determined materials, then carve the shape, and finally grind it smooth.
It is inevitable to make mistakes in the first attempt.
This material is either cut or cut small.
It is often worn too much and worn out during grinding.
Therefore, the final shape is the work of experience after failure.
The painting, cutting, carving and grinding components can be assembled after fabrication.
The whole process can be summarized into four steps: threading, inserting, erecting and lifting.
After setting up the foundation, raise the column according to the determined position, insert the beam frame, assemble the paving layer and roof truss layer one by one in order, and finally lay the rafters to outline the cornice, and the pavilion will be assembled and formed! Assembly process assembly process shuyunting combination process guhexuan combination process each bucket arch is in full bloom like a flower, holding up the high roof truss; Sections of flying rafters spread their wings like birds, the overhanging eaves rise, and the pavilion that condenses wisdom and ingenuity rises from the ground.
Every bit of the production process is deeply engraved in the hearts of the students.
Some students said frankly: “miss the whole autumn and finish something that can blow for most of your life.” The ancient Chinese craftsman’s high-precision and unsophisticated arrangement of the pillars not only shows the dazzling spirit of the ancient Chinese architecture, but also demonstrates the exquisite and unsophisticated arrangement of the ancient Chinese architecture.
As the core of Chinese traditional architectural construction skills, big woodwork has a pivotal influence in the whole history of Chinese ancient architecture.
It can be said that it is the soul of Chinese ancient architecture.
With the replacement of building materials, wood structure architecture gradually withdrew from the main stage of history, but for today’s architectural students, wood structure architecture still has high learning value.
After making the pavilion model by hand, the students felt deeply..
