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The height of each part of these three parts is proportional.
Column height column height refers to different parts in large and small buildings.
As vertical wood structural components, columns are combined with horizontal wood structural components, such as beams, purlins and braces to form roof trusses.
In small buildings, large buildings without Dougong and some miscellaneous buildings, this diameter is usually 1, and other dimensions are multiples of it.
Column diameter refers to the diameter of the root of the front eave (corridor) column.
The column (eaves) height of a large-scale building with Dougong is the height from the foundation (Ming) to the lower skin of the eaves truss (including the height of Dougong and flat brace).
(2) Lateral foot refers to the outward movement of the column base, which can make the wooden frame more stable..
It is an upright member bearing the upper load.
② The trade-off dimension of column (eave) height of large-scale building with Dougong: the front eave (corridor) column is set at 70 doughnuts (if the height of Dougong and flat brace is deducted, the eave column height is 60.8 doughnuts based on three steps of Dougong; 58.8 doughnuts based on five steps of Dougong; 56.8 doughnuts based on seven steps of Dougong); The ratio to the width of the open space is about 0.9:1.
It should be noted here: why is the height of this column (eaves) different from that of the first two columns? Here we learn about the trade-off proportion of Chinese traditional wooden architecture related to column height.
Although the positioning of column height is different from that of roof cornice line, the height difference between small and large buildings without Dougong is small and regular, so this height is determined by the height of column height.
Here is one thing to be explained: in the weighing scale, writings and design drawings, the column height refers to the full height from the stone platform to the column head, which actually contains the height of two parts.
② large buildings with Dougong: the column height of large buildings with Dougong is also called eave height, which is different from the high finger position of small columns.
From the perspective of facade, Chinese traditional wooden architecture is composed of three parts: the first is the base (pedestal), the second is the column body, and the third is the roof.
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(3) Column height of large buildings: there are two kinds of buildings with Dougong and without Dougong.
Determination of column diameter of large-scale building: it is specified as 6 bucket openings according to the Qing method.
The boundary contours of these three parts are the horizontal line and the line outside the base (platform foundation); The line outside the base (abutment) and the roof cornice line; Roof cornice line and roof ridge line.
① large buildings without Dougong: the column height is the height from the building foundation (Ming) to the column head (under the beam skin).
In other words, as long as the size of “column diameter” is available, the detailed sizes of various parts and components of small buildings, large buildings without Dougong and some miscellaneous buildings can be calculated according to the trade-off regulation of “modulus multiple” of the ancients.
Photo source: Tang Chongping’s introduction to Chinese traditional architecture woodwork (Part I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and knowledge of wooden structure and Dougong of clean official buildings in Beijing, Ming Dynasty Source: Tang Chongping’s introduction to Chinese traditional architecture woodwork (Part I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and the wood structure and Dougong knowledge of clean official buildings in Beijing (4) trade-off dimension of column height of large-scale buildings ① trade-off dimension of column height and face width of large-scale buildings without Dougong: the front eave (corridor) column is set at 6 / 7 (1:0.86) of the face width of the open room (similar to small-scale buildings).
This chapter introduces the column: the diameter of the column, the height of the column, the score and side feet of the column, and the key points of making the column.
Source of schematic picture of column diameter: Tang Chongping’s introduction to Chinese traditional architectural woodwork (I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and knowledge of wood structure and Dougong of clean and official buildings in Beijing source of picture of column diameter of small buildings in Qing Dynasty: Tang Chongping’s entry of Chinese traditional architectural woodwork knowledge (I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and knowledge of wood structure and Dougong of clean and official buildings in Beijing Determination of column diameter of small buildings: the ratio to column height is 1:11 (if the column diameter is 270mm, the column height is 3000mm).
In the traditional trade-off scale, it is stipulated that the ratio of base (abutment) height to column height is 1: (5 ~ 7); The ratio of column height to roof height is about 1:0.9.
This difference must be mastered whether engaged in design or construction.
The column height of a small building is the height from the building foundation (Ming) to the column head (under the beam skin).
Generally, the size of score is 7 / 1000 ~ 1 / 100 of the column height.
(2) The trade-off size of column height of small buildings: the front eave (corridor) column is determined according to the width of the open space of the building, and the general proportion is 10: (7 ~ 8) (the column height is eight feet, the face width is one foot; the seven or six purlin buildings are 10:8; the five or four purlin buildings are 10:7).
In traditional Chinese architecture, columns are very important wood components.
In terms of woodwork construction, the column height refers to the height of pure wooden columns.
One is the height of the pure wooden column, The second is the height of the drum diameter part of the stone (sometimes other materials) column top.
Source: Tang Chongping’s introduction to Chinese traditional architecture woodwork (Part I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and knowledge of wood structure and Dougong in clean official buildings in Beijing.
The score of the column and the side feet (1) the diameter of the root and head of the column is different, the lower is larger and the upper is smaller, which is the score (commonly known as “sliding or hanging”).
(1) Column height of small buildings: it is the height from the building foundation (exposed) to the column head (under the beam skin), as shown in the figure below.
In the large-scale building with Dougong, the height of the Dougong should be added to the height of the column itself, so its height should be calculated to the lower skin of the cornice truss.
Source: Tang Chongping’s introduction to Chinese traditional architecture woodwork (Part I) – basic knowledge of traditional architecture and the wood structure and Dougong knowledge of honest and upright buildings in Beijing.
