by Prefabricated building introduction prefabricated building refers to the building assembled on the construction site with prefabricated components.
This kind of building has the advantages of fast construction speed, less restriction by climate conditions, labor saving and improving construction quality.
Features of prefabricated buildings 1.
A large number of building components, such as exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air-conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc., are produced and processed by workshops.
Centralized production greatly reduces the project cost and is more conducive to quality control.
2.
The building components produced by the factory are transported to the site for assembly, which reduces the workload of formwork engineering and labor, and accelerates the construction speed, which is of great significance for reducing the project cost.
3.
Prefabricated construction will change the whole building from a project to a product.
The more standard the components, the higher the production efficiency, and the lower the cost.
With the digital management of the factory, the price of the whole prefabricated building is far from that of the traditional construction method.
4.
Unlike traditional buildings, the main body must be completed before decoration.
Prefabricated buildings can assemble the decoration parts of prefabricated parts after completion, which realizes the synchronization between the decoration works and the main works, reduces the construction process and reduces the project cost.
5.
The selection of building materials for prefabricated buildings is more flexible.
The application of various energy-saving and environmental protection materials, such as light steel and wood panels, makes the prefabricated buildings more consistent with the concept of green buildings.
Types of prefabricated buildings 1.
Block buildings are prefabricated buildings built with prefabricated block materials, which are suitable for building 3-5 floors.
Of course, if the strength of the block is improved or the reinforcement is configured, the number of floors can be appropriately increased, but it can only be used as low-rise buildings.
However, it has simple production process, simple construction, low cost, and can also use local materials and industrial wastes.
It is the first choice for small self built houses.
2.
Plate building is assembled from prefabricated large-scale internal and external wall panels, floor slabs, roof panels and other plates, also known as large plate building.
It can effectively reduce the weight of the structure, improve the labor productivity, expand the use area of the building and the anti vibration function.
It is the main type of prefabricated buildings.
Wall panels are divided into load-bearing wall panels and decorative wall panels.
Most of the load-bearing wall panels are reinforced concrete panels.
Decorative wall panels such as external wall panels are reinforced concrete composite panels with thermal insulation layers, and special steel wood thermal insulation composite panels with external finishes.
All kinds of plates can be lifted and assembled to bear the load, with fast construction speed and low construction price.
3.
Box building is a kind of prefabricated building developed on the basis of plate building.
The biggest feature is that all room units or small bay kitchens, toilets or staircases are made into load-bearing boxes in structure, and then integrated with wallboards and floors.
This kind of building has a higher degree of industrialization and faster on-site installation.
It can not only complete the structural part of the box in the factory, but also complete the internal decoration and equipment, and even complete the furniture and carpet.
It can be used after the on-site lifting and pipeline connection.
There is even a prefabricated building called movable house.
Each residential unit is like a large trailer.
It can be used as long as it is pulled to the site by a special car and then hoisted to the floor pad by a crane to connect with the embedded water channel, power supply and telephone system! In addition, there are heating, bathroom, kitchen, dining room, bedroom and other facilities inside.
It can not only become a single residence, but also connect with each other to form a whole residence.
4.
Skeleton plate building is composed of prefabricated skeleton and plate.
Its load-bearing structure generally has two forms.
One is a frame structure system composed of columns and beams, and then floors and non load-bearing inner and outer wall panels are placed; The other is a load-bearing plate column structure system composed of columns and floors, while the inner and outer wall panels are non load-bearing members.
The bearing frame can be a heavy reinforced concrete structure or a heavy steel structure, with light weight and flexible internal separation.
It is suitable for multi-storey and high-rise buildings.
5.
Rising slab and rising floor building: the structural system of this building is supported by slabs and columns.
It is to repeatedly pour floors and roof slabs on the ground floor concrete ground, erect prefabricated reinforced concrete columns, take the columns as guide rods, lift the floors and roof slabs to the design height, and then fix them.
As for the internal and external walls, they can be cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, brick walls, and other light curtain walls.
It moves a large number of cast-in-place processes to the ground, reduces overhead operations and vertical transportation, saves formwork and scaffold works, and reduces the area of the construction site.
It is very suitable for buildings with limited construction site, and is mostly used as shopping malls, warehouses, workshops and multi-storey garages.
Application of prefabricated buildings: prefabricated buildings are leading in the United States, Canada, Japan and some European countries.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the United States, Canada and other North American countries have begun to study and apply prefabricated buildings, and established the Precast / Prestressed Concrete Association (PCI) to study and promote prefabricated buildings for a long time.
After that, the Association issued many codes and standards on prefabricated buildings, which further promoted the development of prefabricated buildings and made them more widely used.
In large-scale engineering practice, prefabricated buildings give full play to their advantages, reflecting the advantages of good quality, high efficiency, economy and durability.
The development of prefabricated buildings in Japan has reached the world’s super high level, and the relevant standards and specifications of prefabricated buildings in Japan are also very perfect.
In the development and application of prefabricated buildings in Japan, prefabricated buildings are applied to high-rise and super high-rise buildings in earthquake areas.
In several sudden earthquakes, prefabricated buildings give full play to their advantages of seismic resistance, ensure people’s life safety, and get full attention.
Europe is the birthplace of prefabricated buildings, which can be traced back to the 17th century..
