by Prefabricated building refers to the building assembled on the construction site with prefabricated components.
The advantage of this kind of building is that it is fast to build, is less restricted by climate conditions, saves labor and can improve the construction quality.
Features of prefabricated buildings 1.
A large number of building components, such as exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, composite panels, balconies, air-conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc., are produced and processed by workshops.
Centralized production greatly reduces the project cost and is more conducive to quality control.
2.
The building parts produced by the factory are transported to the site for assembly, which reduces the formwork work and labor workload, speeds up the construction speed, which is of great significance for reducing the project cost.
3.
Fabricated construction turns the whole building from a project into a product.
The more standard the components are, the higher the production efficiency is, and the lower the cost is.
With the digital management of the factory, the performance and price of the entire prefabricated building are far from being comparable to traditional construction methods.
4.
Unlike the traditional buildings, the main body must be completed before decoration.
The prefabricated buildings can be assembled after the decoration parts of each prefabricated component are completed, realizing the synchronization of the decoration project and the main project, reducing the construction process and reducing the project cost.
5.
The choice of building materials for prefabricated buildings is more flexible.
The use of various energy-saving and environment-friendly materials, such as light steel and wood panels, makes prefabricated buildings more consistent with the concept of green buildings.
Type of prefabricated building 1.
Block building is a prefabricated building with prefabricated blocky materials built into walls, which is suitable for building 3 to 5 floors.
Of course, if the strength of the block is improved or the reinforcement is configured, the number of floors can also be appropriately increased, but it can only be used as a low rise building.
However, its production process is simple, construction is simple, and cost is low.
It can also use local materials and industrial waste.
It is the first choice for small self built houses.
2.
Plate building is composed of prefabricated large internal and external wall panels, floor slabs, roof panels and other plates, also known as large plate building.
It can effectively reduce the weight of the structure, improve labor productivity, expand the use area of the building and earthquake proof function, and is the main type of prefabricated buildings.
The wallboards are divided into load-bearing wallboards and decorative wallboards.
The load-bearing wallboards are mostly reinforced concrete slabs.
The decorative wallboards, such as the exterior wall panels, are mostly reinforced concrete composite panels with thermal insulation layers, and the specially made steel wood thermal insulation composite panels and other wallboards with external finishes.
The hoisting and assembly of various plates can bear the weight, the construction speed is fast, and the construction price is low.
3.
Box building is a kind of prefabricated building developed on the basis of panel building.
The biggest feature is that all the room units or small bay kitchens, toilets or staircases are made into load-bearing boxes in the structure, and then integrated with wallboards and floors.
This kind of building has a higher degree of industrialization and faster on-site installation.
It can not only complete the structural part of the box in the factory, but also complete the internal decoration and equipment, and even complete furniture, carpets, etc.
It can be used after on-site hoisting and connecting the pipelines.
There is even a prefabricated building called movable residence.
Each residential unit is like a large trailer, which can be used as long as it is pulled to the site by a special car, lifted to the floor pad by a crane and connected with the embedded waterway, power supply, telephone system, etc! Moreover, there are heating, bathroom, kitchen, dining room, bedroom and other facilities inside, which can not only form a single residence, but also be connected to each other to form a whole residence.
4.
The skeleton plate building is composed of prefabricated skeleton and plate.
Its load-bearing structure generally has two forms.
One is the frame structure system composed of columns and beams, and then the floor and non load-bearing interior and exterior wall panels are placed; The other is a load-bearing slab column structure system composed of columns and floors, while the inner and outer wall panels are non load-bearing components.
The load-bearing frame can be a heavy reinforced concrete structure or a heavy steel structure, with light deadweight and flexible internal separation.
It is suitable for multi-storey and high-rise buildings.
5.
The structural system of this building is jointly supported by slabs and columns.
It is to repeatedly pour each floor slab and roof slab on the bottom concrete ground, erect precast reinforced concrete columns, use columns as guide rods, lift the floor slab and roof slab to the design height, and then fix them.
As for internal and external walls, cast-in-situ reinforced concrete can be used, brick walls can also be built, and other light curtain walls can be installed.
It moves a large number of cast-in-place processes to the ground, reduces high-altitude operations and vertical transportation, saves formwork and scaffolding works, and reduces the area of the construction site.
It is very suitable for buildings with limited construction site, and is mostly used as shopping malls, warehouses, workshops and multi-storey garages.
The application of prefabricated buildings The prefabricated buildings are leading the development in the United States, Canada, Japan and some European countries.
From the beginning of the 20th century, some North American countries such as the United States and Canada began to study and apply prefabricated buildings, and established the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Association (PCI) to study and promote prefabricated buildings for a long time.
Later, the Association issued many codes and standards on prefabricated buildings, which further promoted the development of prefabricated buildings and made them more widely used.
In a large area of engineering practice, prefabricated buildings give full play to their advantages, reflecting the advantages of good quality, high efficiency, economy and durability.
The development of prefabricated buildings in Japan has reached a super high level in the world, and the relevant standards and specifications for prefabricated buildings in Japan are also perfect.
In the development and application of prefabricated buildings in Japan, prefabricated buildings are applied to high-rise and super high-rise buildings in earthquake areas.
In several sudden earthquakes, prefabricated buildings give full play to their advantages in earthquake resistance, ensure people’s life safety, and get more attention.
Europe is the birthplace of prefabricated buildings, which can be traced back to the 17th century..
