by Advantages of prefabricated production construction prefabricated building refers to a building that transfers a large amount of on-site work in the traditional construction mode to the factory (workshop), processes and manufactures building parts in the factory, such as floors, wallboards, stairs, balconies, etc., transports them to the construction site, and assembles and installs them on the site through reliable connection.
How are its production and construction methods carried out? 1.
Prefabricated component production and construction process The general process flow of precast concrete component production is: architectural fabrication drawing design → component disassembly design (design drawing of component formwork reinforcement soil and embedded parts) → mold design → mold manufacturing → mold platform cleaning → mold assembly → mold release agent and coarse bone material painting → rebar processing and binding → water and electricity, embedded parts, doors and windows embedding → concealed works acceptance → concrete pouring → curing → formwork removal Lifting → surface treatment → quality inspection → warehousing or transportation of finished components → on-site installation.
2.
Prefabricated component production process (1), flat die unit flow process: this process is characterized by relatively fixed main mechanical equipment, and the formwork is lifted by a crane to complete the molding of components in the moving process.
(2) Flow process of flat formwork transfer: the formwork itself is equipped with a walking wheel or transported by means of a roller table, which can be moved without a crane.
Each process is completed in the process of walking along the production line, and then the formed components are sent to the curing kiln together with the steel formwork.
(3) Fixed flat die process: the feature is that the formwork is fixed and all processes of component forming are completed at one position.
(4) Formwork erection process: It is characterized by vertical use of formwork and multiple functions.
The formwork is a box body, the cavity can be filled with steam, and the side formwork is equipped with vibration equipment.
(5) Long line pedestal technology: applicable to outdoor production of components with small thickness and pre tensioned prestressed reinforced concrete components (see prestressed concrete structure), such as hollow floor slab, trough slab, T-shaped slab, double T-shaped slab, I-shaped slab, small pile, small column, etc.
3.
On site installation (1) Installation of vertical components (prefabricated wall): ① Installation of slings and guy ropes.
After the installation of slings, the included angle between wallboard and wire rope must be greater than 45 degrees; The cable wind rope shall be placed on the front of the wallboard for easy operation.
Check whether the concrete around the lifting nail is cracked.
② The components shall be lifted flat.
After the component is hoisted flat, loosen the bolt for hoisting, and after the component is hoisted, stop at about 1m above the ground, and then eliminate the component swing Remove the edge protection.
Dismantle the external protective railings at the corresponding installation positions and put the dismantled edge protective rods into the storage rack, and then lift them uniformly.
Note: During disassembly, the operator must fasten the safety belt and connect it with the fall arrester and the hanging point in a reliable position.
④ Hoisting and positioning of components.
The components shall be lifted according to the lifting line.
First, they shall be lifted to the operating surface, and stop falling when they are about 1000mm high from the floor.
Then the operator shall guide the landing with his hand, observe whether the connecting reinforcement is aligned with the hole with a mirror, and slowly descend to the gasket to stop the landing.
The height of diagonal bracing shall be uniform during installation, and the intermediate diagonal bracing shall be added according to the length of the component.
The bottom of the diagonal support shall be fixed with at least two self threading bolts, and the extension length of the screw at the bottom of the diagonal support shall not be greater than 250mm.
⑤ Component check.
First, adjust the diagonal support.
When adjusting the perpendicularity, rotate all diagonal supports fixed on the wall panel at the same time.
It is forbidden to rotate one piece outward and the other piece inward, and continue the installation of other wallboards in this section Quality acceptance.
After the installation of components, the project quality engineer shall conduct actual measurement acceptance for the side line, end line, perpendicularity and vertical joint width of components Plug joint grouting.
Grouting process for caulking: sleeve grouting shall be carried out 6 hours after caulking, sand materials shall be mixed, liquidity shall be tested, and materials shall be poured into the grouting machine.
Block the lower row of grouting holes, insert the grouting nozzle, start the grouting pump and block the slurry outlet when the slurry flows out of the slurry outlet in a column shape.
After the slurry outlet is blocked one by one, draw out the grouting nozzle and block the grouting hole.
(2) Installation of horizontal components (laminated plate): ①.
Installation of slings and guy ropes.
When installing slings, appropriate wire ropes and slings shall be selected according to the weight and shape of components.
The wind cable shall be placed on the front of the laminated plate for easy operation.
② Hoisting and positioning of components.
The operator shall pull the cable wind rope to slowly lower the components, and the installation operator must connect the safety belt, square fall device and the fixed hanging point at a reliable position.
③ Component check.
Check the support length of the two ends of the floor slab supported on the wall or beam, and the width of the adjacent overlapping slab joint.
④ Remove the hook.
Confirm that the support is evenly stressed without looseness, the floor commander sends a downward hook instruction to the tower crane driver, takes out the hook, continues the installation of other laminated floors in this section, and then dismantles the tripod of the construction channel Install edge protection fence and hole protection.
After the installation of the laminated plate, the tool type protective railings shall be installed in place immediately.
The hole shall be covered with a cover plate that can prevent sliding.
The installation personnel must connect the safety belt, fall arrester and the hanging point in a reliable position.
⑥ Quality acceptance.
After the installation of the components, the project quality engineer must conduct the actual measurement acceptance of the elevation and direction of the installed composite floor slab.
Conclusion: Through the above production and construction process of prefabricated buildings, we can learn that prefabricated buildings transfer some high altitude and high-altitude operations of traditional buildings to workshops.
Even without automation, production efficiency will be improved.
Moreover, the factory operation environment is superior to the site, the factory production is not restricted by meteorological conditions, and the wind and rain do not affect the component fabrication.
At the same time, the production time of the factory will not be affected by the surrounding environment of the construction site and the requirements of local policies on the construction site.
It is believed that with the maturity of relevant supporting technologies and the support of policies, prefabricated buildings will become the mainstream construction method in the future.
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