by The official account is hot to search for content and read to the end of the paper to see the assembly: new way of high quality, green and sustainable hospital development in the new era: Wen Zhang Jianbin, Du Zhijie, China Architectural Standard Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Since entering the 21st century, it has gradually exposed the dilemma that is incompatible with the development of the new era.
The problems faced mainly include: 1 ● high energy consumption and high pollution.
The extensive development of the construction industry consumes a lot of resources and energy.
The mineral resources consumed by China’s annual building materials production reach more than 10 billion tons, and the energy consumption in the production and construction of building materials accounts for about 35% of the country’s CO2 emissions.
The construction industry brings serious pollution to the environment, in which the construction dust accounts for about 15% of the air pollution.
Among the large amount of pollutants discharged from the production of building materials, the emission of cement dust alone is as high as 274200 tons.
2 ● low efficiency and short life.
The industrialization degree of the whole society is increasing.
In the past 50 years, the production efficiency of the manufacturing industry has more than doubled, while the efficiency of the construction industry is still relatively low.
Both the design capacity and construction mode are far behind this era.
China’s construction life is short, with an average life of only 30 ~ 40 years, which is far lower than that of European and American developed countries.
Buildings that have not reached the service life will face the risk of demolition and reconstruction because they can not meet the needs of functional changes, which causes a huge waste of social resources.
3 ● reconstruction, design and operation of previous construction projects focus on initial investment and construction, but pay little attention to the comprehensive benefits of the whole life of the building, especially the operation and maintenance after completion is often ignored.
Extensive construction mode and repeated and inefficient reconstruction and expansion mode have greatly increased the comprehensive investment in the whole life cycle of the building.
2、 Innovative development of precast buildings and hospital construction 1 ● top level design helps the development of precast buildings.
When it comes to precast buildings, some people will think of the large slab buildings that appeared at the beginning of the founding of the people’s Republic of China and the early stage of reform and opening up.
In fact, the development of China’s construction industrialization has experienced three centralized promotion stages.
In 2013, the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of housing and urban rural development issued the green building action plan, which clearly proposed to “accelerate the R & D and promotion of green building related technologies and promote building industrialization”; In 2016, GBF [2016] No.
71 put forward the guidance of “vigorously developing precast buildings”.
The development of precast buildings has become a new way to promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry and take the lead of green technology.
With the adjustment of national industrial structure and the advocacy of green building concept in the construction industry, precast buildings have attracted more and more attention.
Relevant national and local policy documents put forward assembly requirements for government invested public buildings such as hospitals and schools.
The development of precast buildings is a new way to promote the development of green buildings, which will make China’s construction development enter a new stage and become a powerful promoter of the sustainable development of the construction industry.
2 ● precast buildings have distinctive characteristics.
Precast buildings follow the sustainability principle of the whole life cycle of buildings, and emphasize standardized design, industrialized production, assembled construction, integrated decoration, information management and intelligent application [1].
Improve efficiency and quality through the advantages of industrial production, pay attention to the variability of use space and the flexibility of continuous renewal, pay attention to extending the service life of buildings, avoid resource waste and reduce the damage to the ecological environment.
As a complete architectural work, precast buildings are similar to industrial products such as automobiles and mobile phones.
They are also composed of tens of thousands of large and small parts, ranging from structural components, stairs, floors, elevators, integral sanitary ware to accessories, pipe fittings, screws, etc.
these parts integrate the four systems required for precast buildings: structural system, peripheral protection system Equipment and pipeline system, built-in system.
Among them, the structural system includes beams, plates, columns and shear walls supporting stress, the peripheral protection system includes external walls, external doors and windows and roofs, the internal installation system includes partition walls, ceiling, floor, etc., and the equipment and pipeline system is the integration of various equipment pipelines such as plumbing and electricity.
3 ● meet the needs of hospital construction and development.
With the transformation of the whole society to resource-saving and environment-friendly development, long life and greening have become the inevitable direction of hospital construction and development.
At present, the most widely used type of precast buildings is still residential buildings.
Some people doubt whether the precast construction method is suitable for hospital buildings.
In fact, the precast buildings are very suitable for application in hospital buildings.
According to the classification of structural system, precast buildings mainly include precast reinforced concrete buildings, precast steel structure buildings and precast wood structure buildings.
Among the three structural forms, the precast steel structure is more suitable for hospital buildings.
The steel structure has large span, strong modifiability, can provide variable large space, and the steel has good ductility, strong energy consumption capacity and good seismic performance.
At the same time, steel members are highly industrialized, less constrained by transportation distance, and have little impact on the environment of the construction site.
More importantly, steel can be recycled and meet the requirements of sustainable development.
The peripheral protection system of the precast building pays attention to the integrated design, emphasizing the integration and systematization of decoration and thermal insulation, heat insulation, waterproof, fire prevention and other materials.
The industrialized integrated products systematically solve the high-quality demand of the external enclosure of the hospital building, making its quality more controllable; The equipment and pipeline system are separated from the main structure, which realizes the convenient operation and maintenance management of the whole life cycle of the hospital building, provides the possibility for the elastic medical space, and creates conditions for the high-quality construction of the medical building.
3、 The application scenarios of precast hospital buildings are richer.
1 ● it is well known that there are a large number of standardized spaces in hospital buildings, such as ward, consulting room, building elevator, toilet, etc.
the standardized space is easier to be composed of parts with high degree of industrialization..
