by There is a big gap between the development of precast buildings and other advanced industries at home and abroad.
After World War II, the development of architectural industrialization lags far behind other manufacturing industries, mainly in several aspects: first, affected by the division of traditional industries, architectural design, processing and manufacturing and precast construction are separated and need to be integrated; Second, influenced by the traditional division of labor, architecture, structure, electromechanical equipment and decoration develop separately and lack coordination; Third, influenced by the traditional construction mode, the construction manual is extensive, the cost is supreme, the service life is short and the standard is low.
In the future, the construction industry should develop in the direction of lean construction, and change the mode of production from extensive to fine.
In his book towards new architecture published in 1923, Le Corbusier proposed that “housing is a living machine”, which has a certain relationship with manufacturing under the background of industry.
The steam engine and mechanization stage of the first industrial revolution are related to the concept of architectural industrialization put forward by Gropius and Corbusier; The electric age and electrification of the second industrial revolution are related to the skyscrapers, complex complexes, high-rise buildings, elevators, electricity, air conditioning and so on represented by the Chicago school; Recently, the parametric architecture represented by Zaha actually needs the development based on computer technology, so the parametric architecture is also related to the third industrial revolution; With the general trend of the fourth industrial revolution in the future, the development of precast buildings will inevitably be related to network, big data and artificial intelligence, and will inevitably move towards intelligent construction.
The manufacturing industry is a famous smile curve.
It can be seen that the value of design and the use value of the whole life cycle are the high point of the value of the whole manufacturing industry.
In this sense, design is the source of value, and processing and production are for the final use service.
From design to production to use, it must be the concept of products in the whole process and system, so as to give full play to the advantages of construction industry towards manufacturing industry.
The idea of systematic construction and complete construction products is to be fundamentally related to the manufacturing industry.
Figure 1 smile curve the transformation, upgrading and development of the construction industry must learn from the manufacturing industry.
The traditional construction method is mainly blank delivery, with electrical pipelines for water supply and drainage, but there is no content related to the quality of life and interior decoration directly related to people’s use needs.
It is not considered from the user’s living needs, functional configuration, the whole interior system and system engineering.
There is no “like a car” construction product focusing on function, performance, demand and quality.
Therefore, building without interior decoration can only be a “semi-finished product” against the integrity of the standard manufacturing industry.
Architecture in the era of finished products urgently needs to establish the theory and method of “system engineering” than any era.
What is systems engineering? Qian Xuesen played an important role in China’s aerospace industry and the cause of two bombs and one satellite.
The core is not that Qian Xuesen designed the atomic bomb and rocket, but that he brought the scientific theory of system engineering back to China, which greatly supported the most high-end scientific invention at that time.
Therefore, to study the precast building, we must have the concept of system engineering, use the idea of optimization, and study the building as a complex system.
The precast building system is divided into: main structure system, building equipment and pipeline system, building enclosure system and decoration system, and there are subsystems under the four systems.
Based on such a design method, the main structure, interior system, electromechanical equipment and envelope of the precast building can be integrated into an organic whole.
Under the guidance of system engineering theory, the development of precast building must establish a large thinking and working mode: architecture is a complex system, and architectural design needs systematic design methods; Architecture needs integration, and architecture is the integration of several subsystems; Precast buildings should always adhere to the system design method and the development direction of system integration.
Figure 2 Comparison of building system engineering figure 3 precast building system in 2016, CSCEC science and technology applied for the key technology of industrial building design in the national key R & D plan of the 13th five year plan on behalf of CSCEC.
The project proposes to study seven key technologies: concrete structure key technology, steel structure key technology, prestress key technology, bamboo and wood structure key technology, steel and concrete structure key technology, high-performance structure system key technology and high-performance precast enclosure system.
Using the idea and method of building system and system integration, seven key technologies are summarized into the main structure system through the division of four subsystems of building system: structure, building envelope, interior decoration and equipment pipeline; The research on the key technologies of building envelope system is incorporated into the building envelope system; Integration and interior decoration are also included in the corresponding system.
In this way, the key technologies required by the national 13th five year plan project have been formed into a complete research project through system integration.
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of building system figure 5 diagram of industrialized building system figure 6 disclaimer of research framework of industrialized building design system part of the text comes from the network, and the copyright belongs to the original author.
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