by Abstract: This paper analyzes the characteristics of precast buildings, analyzes the construction quality of precast buildings from the factors such as personnel, equipment and materials affecting the construction quality of precast buildings, and puts forward some measures to control the influencing factors on the basis of clarifying the factors affecting the construction quality of precast buildings, so as to strengthen the construction management, Effectively improve the construction quality of precast buildings.
Introduction with the development of national economy and the continuous innovation of technical means, precast buildings with good characteristics such as industrialized production, precast construction and information management have also obtained the opportunity of rapid development, and now occupy a large proportion in the engineering construction of the construction industry.
Precast building refers to the building construction technology gradually improved under the background of the rapid development of modern industrial technology.
It produces precast components in large quantities in the factory, and then transports the completed components to the construction site for assembly and connection.
With the application of precast construction technology, construction enterprises can not only effectively shorten the construction period of housing construction, but also reduce the consumption of labor cost.
Although the precast building which can endow the building with more functions has been widely advocated and applied in major construction projects, due to its late start, the overall construction quality will be affected by various factors, and even produce results that are not conducive to the long-term and healthy development of construction enterprises.
In order to ensure and improve the construction quality of precast construction projects, construction enterprises need to analyze and control various influencing factors, arrange special managers to strictly manage materials, equipment and technology, and reduce energy consumption as much as possible.
1.
Characteristics of precast building construction.
Precast building construction mainly has the following characteristics: first, more mechanical equipment are required for precast building construction, and the number of construction personnel is less than that of cast-in-situ building construction, which is convenient for construction enterprises to manage construction personnel and reduce human cost; 2、 The constructors of precast buildings are mostly operators of mechanical equipment.
Most components required for building construction can be produced in the factory, and the workload of on-site constructors is less; 3、 The precast building construction requires a large number of precast components and has high requirements for relevant mechanical equipment.
The precast building construction personnel must select appropriate hoisting machinery according to the type and weight of precast components, which has high technical requirements for operators; 4、 There are a large number of precast components on the construction site of precast buildings.
The management personnel of construction enterprises need to make reasonable planning for the stacking site of precast components in advance, so as to ensure the convenience of hoisting; 5、 Precast buildings require high installation accuracy and link fixity of precast components, and the construction process is complex and difficult.
2 factors affecting the construction quality of precast buildings 2.1 personnel factors in the construction process of precast buildings, the non-standard operation of construction personnel will induce many problems such as insufficient connection firmness and weak technicality of precast building components, which will have an adverse impact on the construction quality and construction efficiency of precast buildings.
In order to ensure good construction quality, precast building constructors must use construction machinery in strict accordance with the construction specifications and operation instructions, pay high attention to the construction effect, and effectively avoid losses caused by improper operation.
Compared with the cast-in-situ building construction, the assembly process of components and parts required by the precast building is more cumbersome, and the requirements for the operation skills and technical level of the construction personnel are higher.
The staff on the construction site can not reach the construction target level of the precast building.
2.2 equipment factors the precast components required for the construction of precast buildings must be produced and processed by special mechanical equipment.
However, due to the limitations of prefabrication technology level, steel formwork processing technology and other factors, the relevant equipment and machinery used in the prefabrication plant can not produce components that fully meet the actual needs of the construction site, The precast components with low quality will also make it difficult for other materials and equipment to give full play to their own performance.
In addition, if relevant mechanical equipment fails, it will not only affect the production efficiency and installation quality of precast components required for precast building construction, but also bring great potential safety hazards to the construction site and seriously threaten the personal safety of on-site construction personnel.
2.3 material factors in the construction process, even if all components of the precast building have been completed, if these precast components do not meet the provisions of relevant standards or have not been strictly reviewed, their performance cannot meet the construction requirements of the precast building and cannot be applied to the actual construction, as shown in Figure 1, Before deepening the design, the water and electricity notches of vertical precast components are connected to the slab edge.
After the formwork is erected, the holes in this part are difficult to be sealed tightly, which will lead to serious slurry leakage.
The management personnel at the construction site of precast building engineering shall regularly check whether the quality and performance of precast components are affected by other factors and fail to meet the construction requirements and relevant standards.
When preparing and making materials required for construction, the construction personnel on the site of precast buildings shall pay attention to the connection of various links to avoid the situation that the material quality does not meet the standard and affects the construction quality of precast buildings.
2.4 process factors in the process of producing precast components, process problems often produce problems such as formwork splicing error, wrong platform and slurry leakage, which have a great impact on the overall construction quality of construction engineering.
Before concrete pouring, the on-site construction personnel of the cast construction project must adjust and determine the installation position of the formwork and the tightness of the bolts according to the relevant operation instructions, and the management personnel must strictly supervise and inspect this operation.
If the connection position between formwork and bolts cannot be effectively fixed, the concrete will not meet the requirements of cast construction engineering, and too much air will enter into the joint surface.
2.5 environmental factors the impact of the environment on the construction of precast buildings is mainly reflected in the impact of factors such as temperature and humidity on the precast components required for the construction of precast buildings..
